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Serge Alexandre Stavisky (20 November 1886, Ukraine – 8 January 1934, Chamonix) was a French financier and embezzler whose actions created a political scandal that became known as the Stavisky Affair.〔Paul Jankowski, ''Stavisky - A Confidence Man in the Republic of Virtue'', (2002)〕〔David Clay Large, ''Between Two Fires: Europes Path in the 1930s'' (W.W.Norton: 1990) pp 24-58〕 Alexandre Stavisky, who was called ''le beau Sacha'' ("Handsome Sasha"), was a Polish Jew 〔http://www.jta.org/1934/03/04/archive/now-editorial-notes-37〕 born in modern-day Ukraine whose parents had moved to France. He tried various professions, working as a café singer, as a nightclub manager, as a worker in a soup factory, and as the operator of a gambling den. He received French citizenship in 1910. In the 1930s he managed municipal pawnshops in Bayonne but also moved in financial circles. He sold lots of worthless bonds and financed his "hockshop" on the surety of what he called the emeralds of the late Empress of Germany — which later turned out to be glass. In 1927, Stavisky was put on trial for fraud for the first time, charged with a 6 million pound fraud. However, the trial was postponed again and again, and he was granted bail 19 times. Faced with exposure in December 1933, Stavisky fled. On 8 January 1934, the police found him in a Chamonix chalet dying from two gunshot wounds to the head. Surgeons struggled to save him but he died early in the hours of January 9.〔Daily Mirror headline, January 9, 1934,〕 Officially, Stavisky committed suicide, but historians generally agree he was murdered to keep him silent. In the aftermath there were many riots on the streets of Paris, resulting in 250 arrests on January 10 as news of government involvement in the financial scandal broke.〔Daily Mirror headline January 10, 1934〕 The French premier Camille Chautemps was forced to resign owing to the number of ministers wrapped up in the affair, and rumours that he had ordered Stavisky's assassination. An official public enquiry was ordered into the affair. Shortly before it began a senior judge, Albert Prince, who was due to be a witness, was found murdered on a railway line near Dijon, having been tricked to go there from Paris by means of a bogus telegram claiming his mother was very ill.〔Daily Mirror headline, 22nd February 1934〕 Alexandre Stavisky was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery. In ''Forces occultes'', a film commissioned in 1942 by the "Propaganda Abteilung", a delegation of Nazi Germany's propaganda ministry within occupied France, Stavisky was presented as both a Freemason and a crook. In 1974, film director Alain Resnais told the story in the film ''Stavisky...'' that featured Jean-Paul Belmondo in the title role and Anny Dupérey as his wife Arlette. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexandre Stavisky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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